The civilization began to flourish about 4,500 years ago and was centered in the vast river plains of what are now pakistan and northwestern india. In this we have given ancient history study materials for all competitive exams like upsc, ssc, rrb and all state government exams like hppsc, appsc, mppsc, tnpsc, tspsc, rpsc, opsc etc. Aryan invasion it was completely rejected, please do not come up with this theory. Indus valley civilization harappan civilization 2500 bc 1500 bc focus. The harappan civilization was followed by the vedic period, which lasted up to the 5th century bc, yet many historians object that the carvings presumably belonging to indus valley civilization, as they carry the images of women dressed in sari, a traditional indian female clothing item which would have been impossible to be found in harappan age period, so also were the. There are various theory for describe of destruction of this civilization. The indus or harappan culture arose in the northwestern part of the indian subcontinent. The salient features of the indus valley civilization history. Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq. The two major cities of indus valley civilization were mohenjodaro and harappa. Indus valley civilization is a rich civilization and one of the most important civilizations that existed in the world.
Indus valley civilisation read this article to learn about the origin, evolution, and characteristic of the indus valley civilisation. The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the fringes of western uttar pradesh. Indus river valley civilizations video khan academy. The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 25001700 bce, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium bce. Indus valley civilization is the one of the oldest ancient civilizations of the world. However the civilization was not limited to indus valley only. In this post, lets see the features of indus valley civilisation arts as part of the indian culture notes based on the ncert text an introduction to indian art part 1. It is also known as the indus civilization because two of its bestknown cities, harappa and mohenjodaro, are situated along the banks of the indus river. The indus civilization, often denoted by its major city harappa, spanned.
The indus script is predominantly found on objects such as seals and sealings, and it also makes its appearance on other objects such as copper tablets, ivory sticks, bronze implements, pottery etc. Indus valley civilization dna has long eluded researchers. The covered drainage system is not to be seen even in many cities of our own time. While the indus valley civilisation was divided into early, mature and late harappan by archaeologists like mortimer wheeler, newer periodisations include the neolithic early farming settlements, and use a stagephase model, often combining terminology. It is called harappan civilisation because this was discovered first in 1921 at the modern site of harappa, situated. The indus valley is located in modern pakistan and northwestern part of india. Archaeologists use the term culture for a group of objects, distinctive in style, that are usually found together within a specific geographical area and period of time. Farther to the south, the five punjab tributaries of the indus merge to. Indus river valley civilizations article khan academy.
There are several problems to deciphering the script. Sal explores the history of this civilization, its technological innovations, its art, its architectural practices, and its agriculture. The indus valley civilisation began in 3250 bc and reached its extinction in 1500 bc, making it down in history as one of the worlds longest surviving civilisations. The indus valley civilization encompassed most of pakistan, extending from balochistan to sindh, and extending iddidiinto modern day indian states of gujarat, rajasthan, haryana, and punjab, with an upward reach to rupar on the upperon the upper sutlej. Social and economic life of indus valley civilization. Researchers have found swastikas a symbol that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross,hindu gods shiva and rudra, and a mother goddess symbolizing fertility. Motivating children to learn the history of a dead civilization is a challenging task when. Asi have uncovered evidence that the indus valley civilization is at least 8,000 years old, and not 5,500 years old, taking. There were neolithic settlements in north west region of indian subcontinent to the west of indus river.
Indus valley civilization, mohenjo daro, harappan culture. Aryan tribes from the northwest invaded about 1500 b. In the corner of the room he could see his toy cart. It flourished between 2700 bc and 1900 bc mature indus valley civilization. Using indus valley expertise to tackle some current issues in south. This encouraged agriculture to develop in the indus valley civilisation. Indus valley civilization 1 among 3 earliest civilization.
In this article, we are providing you with a pdf which contains important facts related to indus valley civilization, pre history sites, their location, specification etc. It developed along the indus river and the ghaggarhakra river. The lifestyle of people during this period social, economic agriculture, trade and commerce, religious and cultural activities. The indus valley civilisation is an important part of ancient indian history for the ias exam. Tnpscexamsguide is an online platform to streamline your preparation which provides latest notification for the upcoming tnpsc exams study materials, syllabus, important questions, uptodate with the latest exam content format, video courses, previous years question papers, free mock tests, current affairs for the aspiring candidates to crack the tnpsc exams.
Here we give the ancient history study materials in the pdf format also. In which indus valley civilization sites, the people were known to water reservoir technique. The indus river valley civilization, 33000 bce, also known as the harappan civilization, extended from modernday northeast afghanistan to pakistan and. The indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is pakistan and northwest india today, on the fertile flood plain of the indus river and its vicinity. The culture associated with the harappan civilization is the. The indus valley civilisation is older than what we were taught.
Indian salvationists are proud to be citizens of india background. The indus river vally was fed by the snowmelt water of surrounding high lands. Harappa and mohenjodaro were thought to be the two great cities of the indus valley civilization, emerging around 2600 bce along the indus river valley in the sindh and punjab provinces of pakistan. The indus valley civilization was a bronze age civilization33000 bc.
Indus civilization, also called indus valley civilization or harappan civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the indian subcontinent. Indus valley civilization here we are providing information related to indus valley civilization like introduction, phases, crafts, economy, town planning, society of this civilization. The indus valley civilisation is also called the harappan culture. Fluvial landscapes of the harappan civilization pnas. It started declining around 1900 bc and disappeared. The indus valley civilization was spread throughout the northwestern part of the. Indus valley civilization or the harappan civilization. Till then it was thought that south asia was first colonized by urban civilizations during the first millennium bce in the indogangetic plains by the people of the mahabharata.
The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation within the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature kind from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. The social and economic life of the people of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was systematic and organised in this article we will discuss about the food, social dress, ornaments, house hold articles, amusements, trade, social class and structure, religion and funerary customs of the people of indus valley civilization. Mohenjodaro is an archeological site situated in the province of sindh, pakistan. Indus valley civilization ancient history encyclopedia. We here combine literature estimates on brick typology, and on urban. This indus or subindus culture merged into a succeeding phase characterized by a bright. The indus or harappan civilization was long forgotten till it was rediscovered in the late 19. Indian history indus valley civilization early vedic civilization later vedic civilization buddhism jainism 16 mahajanapadas rise of magadha haryankadynasty sisunaga dynasty nandas alexander invasions on india mauryan empire sungas kanvas indogreeks guptas harshavardhana satavahanas sangam age kushanskanishka badami chalukyas kalyani.
A vast ancient civilization developed along the valley of the river indus in modernday india and pakistan. Indus valley civilization simple english wikipedia, the. Climate change, weakening of monsoon, emigration to better parts, weakening of trade with egypt and mesopotamia, drought and floods. Yakoob yawars dilmun is among the very few exceptions indeed, it was the second novel ever to be set in the ancient indus civilization, 50 years after the hindi murdon ka teela by rangeya raghava.
What are the distinctive features of an indus valley. The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india. Its two great centers were the cities of mohenjodaro and harappa. The salient features of the indus valley civilization are as follows. Decline of indus valley civilization the indus valley civilization was declined at late 1900 bc.
Bricks and urbanism in the indus valley rise and decline. Study of growth of the indus civilisation by network analysis initially it is a random network. The indus valley civilization is also known as the harappan civilization after the village named harappa, in what is now pakistan, where the civilization was first discovered. Evidence of religious practices in this area dates back approximately to 5500 bce. But early indus valley civilization had existed even before bc. Indus valley civilization or bronze age came under this time period. Dec 06, 2016 features of indus valley civilization from the ruins of the indus valley civilization, it can be deduced that the cities were incredibly wellplanned. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. This socalled prearyan civilization is said to be evidenced by the large urban ruins of what has been called the indus valley culture as most of its initial sites were on the indus river.
Jul 07, 2016 please support the world history summer playlist. It developed along the indus river and the ghaggarhakra river, in the area of modern pakistan and northwest india and afghanistan. Once they become large, they evolved into scale invariant behaviour. The end of the indus valley civilization ancient india. Candidates can download the history study material pdf from our website.
Annotation recommended annotation visible only to you. As we have covered the prehistoric arts of india in the last article, we shall move. The indus civilization represents the earliest manifestation of urban development in the plains of the indus valley and its extension along the arabian seacoast. Need some extra help with indus valley civilization. Indus valley civilization emerged gradually over a long period of more than 2000 years. Indus river valley civilization was discovered by the archaeologists in the 1920s it flourished in the bronze age 33000 bce. C their merger with the earlier inhabitants created classical indian culture. To share with more than one person, separate addresses with a comma. The indus valley civilization was one of the worlds first great civilizations. The time period of mature indus valley civilization is estimated between bc. In around 3000 bce, drividians began to settle along the indus river valley. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 29 indus valley close to mehrgarh but in a far away region of hakra basin in harappa around 3200 bc and seems to be an indigenous development.
However, the initial hump suggests that it is a distributed scale invariant network with almost 3 strong nuclei and about 30 smaller nuclei. It was market day today and he would go with his father to the marketplace. A vast ancient civilization developed along the valley of the river indus in what is now modernday india and pakistan. The indus river valley or harappan civilization lasted for 2,000 years, and extended from what is today northeast afghanistan to pakistan and northwest india. Indus valley civilization ncert notes for the ias exam. The indus valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world, goes back at least 5,000 years. So these fivesix reasons combined over the reason of decline of indus valley civilization. Researchers believe that the aryans influenced the hindu religion. Civilization, in comparison of other old history ci vilization flourished in egypt. In the case of the harappan culture, these distinctive objects include seals, beads, weights, stone. Sophisticated irrigation and water storage systems were developed by the indus valley civilization, including artificial reservoirs at girnar dated to 3000 bce.
The four principal settlements so far excavated provide the material to reconstruct the cultural content of the civilization. The indus river valley civilization explained youtube. Another name for this civilization is the harappan civilization, after the first excavated city of harappa. Decline does not mean complete vanish, urban life of india. The idea that new life was created by the merger of sperm and egg did not. The indus valley civilization was established around 3300 bc. For a while, in about 2500 bce, it was one of the greatest civilizations of the world. Until the early part of the 20th century, few people knew anything about the indus valley civilization. Thus the dance came to combine both art and worship. Indus valley civilization early civilizations world.
Ancient india during the harappan era had one of the largest populations in the ancient world, far greater than the middle east or europe. The tablets of harappa and mohenjodaro are as yet undeciphered and consequently, so is the indus script. Geography of the indus valley located on the indian subcontinent. The indus valley civilization ivc was a bronze age civilization 33000 bce. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. Regarding public institutions, mohenjodaro presents highly interesting spectacle. In fact the elaborate drainage system was one of the unique features of the indus valley civilization, probably due to an effective municipal authority.
Indus valley civilization facts history of ancient india. A detailed note about the features, sites, society, religion etc. The second study focuses on just a single genome from the indus valley civilization. Indus valley civilization or harappan civilization india. Impounding of the indus raikes and dales a large mudextrusion caused by tectonic activity impounded the indus causing colossal silting which gradually engulfed mohenjodaro.
Hereby we have provided you key points about indus valley civilzation which are important from examination point of view. This civilization flourished at around 2,500 bc, in the western part of south asia, i. Harappan architecture is the architecture of the indus valley civilization, an ancient people who lived in the indus valley from about 3300 bce to 0 bce the civilisations cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large nonresidential buildings, and new techniques in handicraft carnelian products, seal. It is also referred to as harappan civilization owing to the fact that this. Oct 30, 20 the indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is pakistan and northwest india today, on the fertile flood plain of the indus river and its vicinity. Indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization that thrived along the course of indus river in northwestern part of indian subcontinent. Further excavations at different parts of india have proved that this civilization, called the indus valley civilization, really embraced baluchistan, the whole of sind and punjab, the bulk of kathiawar, a part of the coastal region, valley of the narmada river and a part of rajasthan, the gangetic basin, and further excavations. It is considered one of the earliest urbanized civilization of the world. Arts of indus valley civilization indian culture series. The indus valley civilisation is older than what we were.
Indus valley civilization bronze age by avantiputra7 own work, cc bysa 3. Archaeologists find that the people of the indus valley preferred peace over conflict. The main objective of this article not to innovate new theories of the indus valley civilization, but to reexamine the all available data and write in a concise form for ease of understanding of. Generation of archaeolwe ogists has come out from the schooling of an aryan invasion theory to explain the decline of indus civilization. There is a dearth of ancient indus based fiction in english. Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates. The indus valley civilization grew to be larger than any other ancient empire, including those of egypt and mesopotamia. Indus valley civilization pdf dear friends, hereby we have provided you key points about indus valley civilzation which are important from examination point of view basic facts about indus valley civilization. This chapter focuses on the first of the two major contributors.
Indus valley civilization after it was introduced by the aryans. Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. The soil along the indus river valley was fertile and ideal for agriculture for the newlyarrived dravidians. The salient features of the indus valley civilization. Major cities during indus valley civilization source.
He watched it sneak across the hard earth floor of his room and up the plastered walls. Indus valley civilization the indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is pakistan and northwest india today, on the fertile flood plain of the indus river and its vicinity. Swimming pool called great bath was found intools made with. It extended from jammu in the north to the narmada estuary in the south, and from the makran coast of baluchistan in the west to. It was filled with small jars and looked as if it was ready for a journey.
Some of these sites were pirak, mehrgarh, naushero et. The indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization in the indian subcontinent. Indus valley civilisation or harappan civilisation is an important period of ancient history. The end of the indus valley civilization there are a variety of theories about what brought about the end of the indus valley civilization. The end of the indus civilization and the postharappan period, 425 economy, trade, and foreign relations, 425 industry, technology, and science, 426. Built around 2600 bce, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient indus valley civilization, and one of the worlds earliest major urban settlements, existing at the same time as the civilizations of ancient egypt, mesopotamia, and crete. Flourishing around the indus river basin, the civilization primarily centered along the indus and the punjab region, extending into the ghaggarhakra river valley and the gangesyamuna doab.
The height of its development was between 2600 and 1900 bc. Indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization that thrived along the. Together with ancient egypt and mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the near east and south asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from. Browse notes, questions, homework, exams and much more, covering indus valley civilization and many other concepts. Introduction to ancient history and indus valley civilization. One of the earliest urban civilizations in india and in fact, in the world, was the indus valley civilization, also called the harappan culture. In which indus valley civilization sites, was drainage system absent. Periodisation of the indus valley civilisation wikipedia. Indus collapse, 396 glossary, 403 chronology, 419 resources for further study, 423 general, 423 history of discovery, 423 indus antecedents, 424 the indus civilization in south asian culture, 424 neighbors of the indus civilization, 424 the end of the indus civilization and the postharappan period, 425 economy, trade, and foreign relations, 425. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. A look at the harappa civilization for students taking world or global history. Farming settlements began around 4000 bce and around 3000 bce there appeared the first signs of urbanization. The size and prosperity of the indus civilization grew as a result of this innovation, which eventually led to more planned settlements making use of drainage and sewers. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 bce.
The harappan civilization is sometimes called the mature harappan culture to distinguish it. Abcclios understanding ancient civilizations series. The indus valley civilization is also known as the harappan civilization, after harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s on the banks of a dried up bed of the ravi. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short. The aryan invasion theory many scholars gave a theories that an invasion of the aryans into the subcontinent was the cause of this dispersal. Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the indus valley civilisation.